Actitudes, conocimiento y percepción del personal asistencial de centros geriátricos de larga duración sobre las expresiones sexuales de los residentes. Revisión sistemática / Attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of care staff in long-term care homes about residents’ sexual expressions. Systematic review

Las manifestaciones sexuales de los residentes de centros geriátricos de larga duración no suelen tenerse en cuenta e incluso son desalentadas por el personal asistencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las actitudes, los conocimientos y las percepciones del personal asistencial sobre dichas manifestaciones sexuales. Tras la consulta en distintas bases de datos, 10 artículos científicos publicados entre 2012 y 2022 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para formar parte de dicha revisión. Este trabajo ha permitido conocer y estructurar la insuficiente literatura científica referida a esta área concreta de la sexualidad en adultos mayores. Se concluye que existe escasa literatura científica y que las áreas revisadas son determinantes en el cuidado diario de adultos mayores institucionalizados. Ampliar en este campo de estudio permitirá crear programas de formación y afrontamiento de las conductas sexuales de los mayores institucionalizados por parte del personal asistencial. (AU)

The sexual manifestations of residents in long-term care facilities are often overlooked and even discouraged by care staff. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of caregivers’ attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of sexual expression. After consulting different databases, ten scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria to form part of this review. This work has made it possible to identify and structure the insufficient scientific literature on this specific area of sexuality in older adults. It is concluded that there is scarce scientific literature and that the areas reviewed are determinant in the daily care of institutionalised older adults. Expanding in this field of study will allow the creation of training programmes and the creation of programmes for the care staff to deal with the sexual behaviour of institutionalised older adults. (AU)

Future expectations of adolescents from different social backgrounds / Expectativas de futuro de adolescentes procedentes de distintos contextos sociales

Este trabajo analiza las expectativas futuras durante la adolescencia y su relación con variables personales (edad, sexo, autoestima y satisfacción vital) y contextuales (apoyo social percibido y nivel de riesgo). La muestra está formada por 748 adolescentes, con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 16 años (M = 11.93, SD = 1.42) procedentes de contextos con distinto nivel de riesgo social. Los resultados muestran que las expectativas futuras disminuyen a medida que aumenta la edad, con pocas diferencias encontradas en función del sexo. Autopercepciones y sentimientos de apoyo social más positivos se asocian a mejores expectativas futuras. En relación al nivel de riesgo, contextos más vulnerables tienen un efecto negativo en las expectativas futuras. Los análisis de regresión muestran la capacidad predictiva de las variables estudiadas. Finalmente, el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales confirma el efecto causal positivo del ajuste psicológico y del apoyo social percibido, así como la influencia negativa de los contextos con mayores desventajas sociales, sobre las expectativas de futuro. Los resultados encontrados proponen la necesidad de instaurar programas preventivos orientados a fomentar los recursos personales de los niños, especialmente en aquellos que pertenecen a contextos vulnerables.(AU)

This paper analyzes adolescents’ future expectations (FE) and their relationship with personal variables (age, sex, self-esteem, and life sat-isfaction) and contextual variables (perceived social support and level of risk). The sample includes 748 adolescents, aged 9-16 (M= 11.93, SD= 1.42), coming from contexts with different levels of social risk. The results show that FE decrease as age increases, with few differences found based on sex. More positive self-perceptions and perceived social support are as-sociated with better FE. Concerning the level of risk, more vulnerable con-texts have a higher negative effect on FE. The regression analysis reveals the predictive capacity of the studied variables. The structural equation model confirms the positive causal effect of psychological adjustment and perceived social support, as well as the negative influence of contexts with greater social disadvantages on adolescent FE. The results suggest the need to establish preventive programs aimed at promoting personal resources of children, especially those who come from vulnerable contexts.(AU)

[Attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of care staff in long-term care homes about residents' sexual expressions. Systematic review]. / Actitudes, conocimiento y percepción del personal asistencial de centros geriátricos de larga duración sobre las expresiones sexuales de los residentes. Revisión sistemática.

The sexual manifestations of residents in long-term care facilities are often overlooked and even discouraged by care staff. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of caregivers' attitudes, knowledge and perceptions of sexual expression. After consulting different databases, ten scientific articles published between 2012 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria to form part of this review. This work has made it possible to identify and structure the insufficient scientific literature on this specific area of sexuality in older adults. It is concluded that there is scarce scientific literature and that the areas reviewed are determinant in the daily care of institutionalised older adults. Expanding in this field of study will allow the creation of training programmes and the creation of programmes for the care staff to deal with the sexual behaviour of institutionalised older adults.

Overload and Emotional Wellbeing in a Sample of Spanish Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients during COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Carers of Alzheimer's suffer from caregiver overload, anxiety and depression. Changes in caregiving brought about by pandemic restrictions (COVID-19) may play a role. The aim was to explore the caregiver profile and assess the influence of the pandemic on informal and formal caregivers in a Spanish sample. METHOD: Sixty caregivers participated. An ad hoc questionnaire, ZBI, STAI and BDI were administered. RESULTS: Informal caregivers were more overloaded, anxious and depressed than professional caregivers. Both groups perceived themselves to be more sad, worried and stressed than in the pre-pandemic situation. The pandemic-generated variables associated with caregiving did not influence caregiver overload in both groups. In informal caregivers, worsening of the patient with stress and changes in perceived social support with anxiety and depression. In professional caregivers, changes in routine were associated with stress and lower depression and changes in perceived social support with higher caregiver strain. Changes in caregiving routine and changes in perceived social support were predictors of overload and emotional distress in both caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Overload was not influenced by the pandemic situation. Changes in caregiving routine and lack of social support were found to be predictors of overload and emotional distress in both types of caregivers.

The first session is the one that counts: An exploratory study of therapeutic alliance.

Background: The controversy about whether psychotherapy outcome is the consequence of the techniques themselves, common factors or both is still current. The importance of common factors has been demonstrated, although it is also known that they alone are insufficient. At the present time, the contextual model grants heavy weight to the therapeutic alliance in the first sessions and seems to predict positive final results. Furthermore, monitoring sessions has demonstrated that this alliance improves. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between the therapeutic alliance and patient's perceived improvement during the first five sessions of therapy, and find out whether the therapeutic alliance is maintained or unstable within that timeframe. Methods: Thirty-four patients at a university psychological care service who had had at least five therapy sessions participated. Of these, 70.46% were women (Mage = 24.24, SD = 6.73). The patients filled out the Outcome Rating Scale and Session Rating Scale the week before each session. Data were analyzed by the Dual STATIS method. Results: The compromise matrix explained 77.36% of the variability. The position of the vectors and the distribution of the position of the patients on the graph show that as their perception increased, therapeutic alliance remained stable. Moreover, the position of the vectors shows that the therapeutic alliance was forged in the first session and remained stable during the following sessions. Conclusion: This exploratory study demonstrated the importance of the first session in establishing the therapeutic alliance, and for it to remain stable, regardless of whether the rest of the therapeutic process has variations or changes. Novel use of the STATIS method for analyzing measurements in the first five sessions, showed that beginning the therapeutic intervention with a strong alliance, produced the favorable, lasting effects necessary for development of the intervention.

Burnout among psychotherapists: a cross-cultural value survey among 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease pandemic.

The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural differences, as operationalized by Schwartz's refined theory of basic values, in burnout levels among psychotherapists from 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We focused on the multilevel approach to investigate if individual- and country-aggregated level values could explain differences in burnout intensity after controlling for sociodemographic, work-related characteristics and COVID-19-related distress among participants. 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, the revised version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and a survey questionnaire on sociodemographic, work-related factors and the COVID-19 related distress. In general, the lowest mean level of burnout was noted for Romania, whereas the highest mean burnout intensity was reported for Cyprus. Multilevel analysis revealed that burnout at the individual level was negatively related to self-transcendence and openness-to-change but positively related to self-enhancement and conservation values. However, no significant effects on any values were observed at the country level. Male sex, younger age, being single, and reporting higher COVID-19-related distress were significant burnout correlates. Burnout among psychotherapists may be a transcultural phenomenon, where individual differences among psychotherapists are likely to be more important than differences between the countries of their practice. This finding enriches the discussion on training in psychotherapy in an international context and draws attention to the neglected issue of mental health among psychotherapists in the context of their professional functioning.

Subjective well-being among psychotherapists during the coronavirus disease pandemic: A cross-cultural survey from 12 european countries.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the amount of the total variance of the subjective well-being (SWB) of psychotherapists from 12 European countries explained by between-country vs. between-person differences regarding its cognitive (life satisfaction) and affective components (positive affect [PA] and negative affect [NA]). Second, we explored a link between the SWB and their personal (self-efficacy) and social resources (social support) after controlling for sociodemographics, work characteristics, and COVID-19-related distress. METHODS: In total, 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF), the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS: Cognitive well-being (CWB; satisfaction with life) was a more country-dependent component of SWB than affective well-being (AWB). Consequently, at the individual level, significant correlates were found only for AWB but not for CWB. Higher AWB was linked to being female, older age, higher weekly workload, and lower COVID-19-related distress. Self-efficacy and social support explained AWB only, including their main effects and the moderating effect of self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight more individual characteristics of AWB compared to CWB, with a more critical role of low self-efficacy for the link between social support and PA rather than NA. This finding suggests the need for greater self-care among psychotherapists regarding their AWB and the more complex conditions underlying their CWB.

Rasgos de personalidad y variables asociadas a la ansiedad escénica musical / Personality traits and variables associated with music performance anxiety

INTRODUCCIÓN: La ansiedad escénica musical (AEM) es una sintomatología que afecta a un gran número de músicos y que afecta a su ejecución. Los rasgos de personalidad así como variables sociodemográficas parecen influir en este padecimiento. OBJETIVO: Analizar qué rasgos de personalidad influyen en la AEM y determinar si puede ser predicha por el sexo, la familia del instrumento practicado, actuar como solista o el tipo de formación recibida. Materia y método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 72 músicos, entre 16 y 54 años (M = 24.11; DE = 9.03). Se les administró el KMPAI-E para medir la ansiedad escénica y el NEO-FFI para medir la personalidad. Se realizó una correlación bivariada y un análisis de regresión múltiple. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva entre la AEM y el neuroticismo (p < .01) y negativa con la extraversión (p < .01) y la responsabilidad (p < .05). Asimismo, se determinó como variables predictivas de la AEM, la familia instrumental y el sexo. Según el sexo, hubo diferencias significativas (p < .01) en AEM, siendo las mujeres quienes obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones. Respecto a la familia instrumental, existió diferencia significativa con la cuerda pulsada (p < .05). Ser solista y el tipo de formación no predijo la AEM. CONCLUSIONES: Una personalidad con tendencia al neuroticismo e introversión parece tener influencia en la AEM. Asimismo, el hecho de ser mujer y practicar los instrumentos de cuerda pulsada podrían predecir la AEM

INTRODUCTION: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a symptomatology that affects a large number of musicians and their execution. Personality traits such as sociodemographic variables seem to influence this condition. OBJECTIVE: Analyze which personality traits influence the MPA and determine whether it can be predicted by sex, the family of the instrument practiced, acting as a soloist, or the type of training received. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample was composed of 72 musicians, between 16 and 54 years old (M = 24.11, SD = 9.03). They were administered the KMPAI-E to measure stage anxiety and NEO-FFI to measure personality. A bivariate correlation and a multiple regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: The results showed a positive correlation between MPA and neuroticism (p < .01) and a negative correlation with extraversion (p < .01) and responsibility (p < .05). Likewise, the instrument family and sex were determined as predictive variables of MPA. In terms of sex, there were significant differences (p < .01) in MPA, with women obtaining the highest scores. Regarding the instrument family, there was a significant difference with the plucked string (p < .05). Being a soloist and the type of training did not predict MPA. CONCLUSIONS: A personality prone to neuroticism and introversion seems to have an influence on the MPA. Likewise, the fact of being a woman and practicing plucked string instruments could predict MPA

Prevalencia de la apatía, la ansiedad y la depresión en función del género y la fase de la enfermedad en una muestra de enfermos de Alzheimer / Prevalence of apathy, anxiety, and depression according to gender and stage of disease in a sample of Alzheimer's patients

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de la demencia (SPCD), concretamente la apatía, la depresión y la ansiedad, en función del género y fase de la enfermedad. La muestra estuvo compuesta de 33 enfermos de Alzheimer, clasificados en fase leve (48,5%) y moderada (54,5%), siendo 15 mujeres y 18 hombres. Se administró la escala Apadem NH para la apatía y la escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg. Los resultados reflejan que, respecto al género, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para la apatía, la depresión y la ansiedad. Respecto a la fase de la enfermedad, se encontraron diferencias significativas en apatía (F = 19,15; p = 0,000), depresión (F = 5,44; p = 0,027) y ansiedad (F = 4,35; p = 0,046). La interacción entre género y fase, no fue significativa. Podemos concluir que no se hallaron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres respecto a la prevalencia de la apatía, la depresión y la ansiedad. Se encontró mayor prevalencia de la apatía, la depresión y la ansiedad en la fase moderada de la enfermedad. Por último, en la combinación entre género asociado a las fases leves y moderadas, no se hallaron diferencias

The objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia (SPCD), specifically apathy, depression and anxiety, depending on the gender and stage of the disease. The sample consisted of 33 Alzheimer’s patients, classified as mild (48.5%) and moderate (54.5%), being 15 women and 18 men. The Apadem NH scale was administered for apathy and the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression scale. The results reflect that, regarding gender, no significant differences were found for apathy, depression and anxiety. Regarding the phase of the disease, significant differences were found in apathy (F = 19.15, p = 0.000), depression (F = 5.44, p = 0.027) and anxiety (F = 4.35, p = 0.046). ). The interaction between gender and phase was not significant. We can conclude that no differences were found between men and women regarding the prevalence of apathy, depression and anxiety. A higher prevalence of apathy, depression and anxiety was found in the moderate phase of the disease. Finally, in the combination between gender associated with the mild and moderate phases, no differences were found